{"id":20926,"date":"2026-09-13T12:25:39","date_gmt":"2026-09-13T10:25:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/infos-droitshumains.net\/?p=20926"},"modified":"2026-09-14T11:45:20","modified_gmt":"2026-09-14T09:45:20","slug":"refere-administratif-le-president-charly-kasunda-ngeleka-fixe-les-limites-de-la-competence-du-tgi-discours-de-renouvellement-de-serment","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/infos-droitshumains.net\/?p=20926","title":{"rendered":"R\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 administratif : au TGI\/Gombe, le Pr\u00e9sident Charly\u00a0Kasunda Ngeleka fixe\u00a0les limites de\u00a0la comp\u00e9tence du\u00a0TGI (Discours de renouvellement de serment)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

R\u00e9daction: +243 817 406 088<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le samedi 12 septembre 2026, le Tribunal de grande instance de Kinshasa\/Gombe a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cadre d\u2019une audience solennelle consacr\u00e9e au renouvellement du serment statutaire de son Pr\u00e9sident, Charly Kasunda Ngeleka, reconduit dans ses fonctions \u00e0 la faveur d\u2019une double ordonnance pr\u00e9sidentielle, l\u2019une le nommant Conseiller \u00e0 la Cour d\u2019appel, l\u2019autre le maintenant \u00e0 la t\u00eate de cette juridiction.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Pour cette circonstance solennelle, le chef de juridiction a choisi de d\u00e9passer le simple rituel institutionnel pour soumettre \u00e0 la r\u00e9flexion des magistrats, avocats, juristes et justiciables une question qui se pose avec une acuit\u00e9 particuli\u00e8re dans la pratique judiciaire congolaise : \u00ab Le Tribunal de grande instance face au r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 administratif en droit congolais : \u00e0 la recherche du juge comp\u00e9tent. \u00bb<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Derri\u00e8re cette formulation apparemment technique se cache une interrogation essentielle : l\u2019urgence permet-elle \u00e0 une juridiction judiciaire de franchir les limites de sa comp\u00e9tence pour intervenir dans une mati\u00e8re relevant de l\u2019ordre administratif ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le choix du th\u00e8me n\u2019est pas le fruit d\u2019une sp\u00e9culation acad\u00e9mique. Il trouve, selon le Pr\u00e9sident Kasunda, son origine dans la pratique m\u00eame du Tribunal de grande instance de Kinshasa\/Gombe, d\u00e9j\u00e0 saisi d\u2019une demande en r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 se r\u00e9clamant de la mati\u00e8re administrative.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette exp\u00e9rience conduit le juge \u00e0 une interrogation pr\u00e9alable \u00e0 toute autre consid\u00e9ration : avant de d\u00e9terminer s\u2019il y a urgence ou si les droits invoqu\u00e9s justifient une mesure provisoire, le juge doit d\u2019abord v\u00e9rifier qu\u2019il dispose du pouvoir l\u00e9gal d\u2019intervenir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab La premi\u00e8re obligation d\u2019un juge n\u2019est pas seulement de rechercher la solution juridiquement juste au litige qui lui est soumis \u00bb<\/em>, souligne-t-il, mais de \u00ab s\u2019assurer que la<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le droit congolais n\u2019ignore pas la proc\u00e9dure de r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 administratif. La Loi organique n\u00b0 16\/027 du 15 octobre 2016 portant organisation, fonctionnement et comp\u00e9tences des juridictions de l\u2019ordre administratif lui consacre un r\u00e9gime sp\u00e9cifique. Son article 278 pr\u00e9voit que : \u00ab La juridiction administrative, si\u00e9geant \u00e0 juge unique et ce, en chambre du conseil, statue comme juge des r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le Pr\u00e9sident Kasunda, trois \u00e9l\u00e9ments caract\u00e9risent ainsi le r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 administratif : il est juridictionnel, parce qu\u2019il rel\u00e8ve d\u2019une juridiction d\u00e9termin\u00e9e par la loi ; provisoire, parce qu\u2019il ne tranche pas d\u00e9finitivement le fond du litige ; et administratif, parce qu\u2019il se rattache \u00e0 un contentieux relevant mat\u00e9riellement de l\u2019ordre administratif.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par ailleurs, l\u2019urgence ne suffit pas, \u00e0 elle seule, \u00e0 conf\u00e9rer une comp\u00e9tence juridictionnelle. \u00ab Le r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 ne cr\u00e9e donc pas le juge : il accompagne la comp\u00e9tence que la loi lui reconna\u00eet d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00bb<\/em>, r\u00e9sume le Pr\u00e9sident du TGI de Kinshasa\/Gombe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais qui est r\u00e9ellement juge des r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s administratifs ? La r\u00e9ponse se trouve, selon cette analyse, dans l\u2019article 279 de la Loi organique n\u00b0 16\/027.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le l\u00e9gislateur y identifie pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment les magistrats habilit\u00e9s \u00e0 exercer les fonctions de juge des r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s administratifs. Or, rel\u00e8ve Charly Kasunda Ngeleka, le Pr\u00e9sident du Tribunal de grande instance ne figure pas dans cette \u00e9num\u00e9ration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conclusion qu\u2019il en tire est sans ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 :\u00ab Le Pr\u00e9sident de Tribunal de Grande Instance ne saurait devenir juge administratif des r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s en l\u2019absence de tout texte attributif de comp\u00e9tence. \u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le Pr\u00e9sident Kasunda insiste \u00e9galement sur un principe classique, mais dont la port\u00e9e pratique demeure consid\u00e9rable : la comp\u00e9tence juridictionnelle est d\u2019attribution :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab Admettre qu\u2019un Pr\u00e9sident de Tribunal de grande instance puisse devenir juge administratif des r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s sur le seul fondement de l\u2019urgence reviendrait ainsi \u00e0 cr\u00e9er, par voie d\u2019interpr\u00e9tation, une attribution que le l\u00e9gislateur organique n\u2019a pas pr\u00e9vue \u00bb<\/em>, explique-t-il.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette position renvoie directement \u00e0 l\u2019article 280 de la Loi organique n\u00b0 16\/027. A cet effet, le raisonnement est alors limpide : pour d\u00e9terminer le juge des r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s, il faut d\u2019abord d\u00e9terminer le juge comp\u00e9tent pour conna\u00eetre du litige principal car le r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 n\u2019a donc pas de vie juridictionnelle autonome. \u00ab La proc\u00e9dure d\u2019urgence n\u2019efface donc pas les fronti\u00e8res de comp\u00e9tence : elle les \u00e9pouse. \u00bb<\/em> Cette formule r\u00e9sume l\u2019un des enseignements majeurs de la position de Charly Kasunda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une difficult\u00e9 pourrait toutefois \u00eatre tir\u00e9e de l\u2019article 112 de la Loi organique n\u00b0 13\/011-B du 11 avril 2013 portant organisation, fonctionnement et comp\u00e9tences des juridictions de l\u2019ordre judiciaire. Cette disposition attribue aux Tribunaux de grande instance la connaissance de \u00ab toutes les contestations qui ne sont pas de la comp\u00e9tence des tribunaux de paix \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pris isol\u00e9ment, ce texte pourrait donner l\u2019impression que le TGI dispose d\u2019une comp\u00e9tence r\u00e9siduelle susceptible de couvrir toute mati\u00e8re qui n\u2019aurait pas \u00e9t\u00e9 attribu\u00e9e \u00e0 une autre juridiction. Mais cette lecture, selon Charly Kasunda, doit \u00eatre replac\u00e9e dans l\u2019\u00e9conomie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de la l\u00e9gislation judiciaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019article 151 de la m\u00eame loi est \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard particuli\u00e8rement r\u00e9v\u00e9lateur. Le l\u00e9gislateur a express\u00e9ment organis\u00e9 certains m\u00e9canismes de substitution lorsque des juridictions telles que les tribunaux de paix, de commerce ou du travail ne sont pas encore install\u00e9es. Mais, rel\u00e8ve-t-il, \u00ab il n\u2019a pas reproduit la m\u00eame solution pour les juridictions administratives. \u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab Lorsque la loi a voulu substituer le Tribunal de Grande Instance \u00e0 certaines juridictions, elle l\u2019a express\u00e9ment pr\u00e9vu. Il para\u00eet d\u00e8s lors difficile d\u2019\u00e9tendre cette substitution \u00e0 une juridiction que le texte n\u2019a pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment pas mentionn\u00e9e \u00bb<\/em>, a-t-il rappel\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans la pratique, l\u2019absence ou la non-installation effective d\u2019une juridiction administrative dans certains ressorts peut donner naissance \u00e0 une difficult\u00e9 tr\u00e8s concr\u00e8te : vers quelle juridiction le justiciable doit-il se tourner lorsqu\u2019une situation administrative urgente exige une intervention judiciaire ? Pour le Pr\u00e9sident Kasunda, cette absence mat\u00e9rielle d\u2019un Tribunal administratif dans un ressort ne signifie pas \u00ab absence de juge administratif. \u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au terme de son analyse, le Pr\u00e9sident Charly Kasunda Ngeleka adopte une position qui se veut \u00e0 la fois juridique et institutionnelle. Lorsqu\u2019une demande constitue v\u00e9ritablement un r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 administratif, le Tribunal de grande instance ne disposerait pas, en l\u2019\u00e9tat des textes examin\u00e9s, d\u2019un titre l\u00e9gal lui permettant de la conna\u00eetre.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cette conclusion ne signifie pas que toute demande urgente de nature administrative devrait m\u00e9caniquement \u00eatre renvoy\u00e9e devant la Cour d\u2019appel. La juridiction comp\u00e9tente doit \u00eatre identifi\u00e9e au cas par cas, en fonction notamment de l\u2019auteur de l\u2019acte, de la nature du litige principal, de l\u2019\u00e9tat d\u2019installation des juridictions administratives et des \u00e9ventuelles r\u00e8gles transitoires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jo\u00ebl Diawa<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

R\u00e9daction: +243 817 406 088 Le samedi 12 septembre 2026, le Tribunal de grande instance…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":20945,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-20926","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-justice"],"yoast_head":"\nR\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 administratif : au TGI\/Gombe, le Pr\u00e9sident Charly\u00a0Kasunda Ngeleka fixe\u00a0les limites de\u00a0la comp\u00e9tence du\u00a0TGI (Discours de renouvellement de serment) - Infos Droits Humains<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/infos-droitshumains.net\/?p=20926\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta 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