{"id":19088,"date":"2026-05-01T23:40:25","date_gmt":"2026-05-01T21:40:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/infos-droitshumains.net\/?p=19088"},"modified":"2026-05-04T09:39:43","modified_gmt":"2026-05-04T07:39:43","slug":"analyse-du-regime-foncier-en-republique-democratique-du-congo-au-regard-de-la-nouvelle-legislation-tribune-de-me-junior-kapuya-meleka","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/infos-droitshumains.net\/?p=19088","title":{"rendered":"Analyse du R\u00e9gime Foncier en R\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au regard de la nouvelle l\u00e9gislation (Tribune de Me Junior Kapuya Meleka)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

R\u00e9daction: +243 817 406 088<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La promulgation de la Loi n\u00b025\/062 du 30 d\u00e9cembre 2025, publi\u00e9e au Journal Officiel le 20 janvier 2026, ne se contente pas de retoucher la loi de 1973 ; elle s\u2019inscrit dans une politique ambitieuse affich\u00e9e par l\u2019Etat, qui vise entre autres \u00e0 moderniser la gestion des terres et s\u00e9\u00adcuriser les Droits Fonciers Coutumiers.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Il s\u2019agit pour l\u2019\u00c9tat de r\u00e9affirmer sa poli\u00adtique fonci\u00e8re nationale en prenant \u00e0 bras-le-corps des probl\u00e9matiques multi structu\u00adrelles qui minent l\u2019administration fonci\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique du Congo avec comme corollaire un engorgement des contentieux fonciers dans l\u2019ensemble des juridictions du pays.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette r\u00e9appropriation de l\u2019Etat est faite en vertu de l\u2019article 9 de la constitution de la R\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique du Congo qui dispose que \u00ab l\u2019Etat exerce une sou\u00adverainet\u00e9 permanente notamment sur le sol, le sous-sol, les eaux et les for\u00eats, sur les espaces a\u00e9rien, fluvial, lacustre et maritime congolais ainsi que sur la mer territoriale congo\u00adlaise et sur le plateau continental.\u00bb<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les modalit\u00e9s de gestion et de concession du domaine de l\u2019Etat vis\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019alin\u00e9a pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent sont d\u00e9termi\u00adn\u00e9es par la loi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Et cela est d\u2019autant plus justifi\u00e9 puisqu\u2019elle vise \u00e0 mettre un terme \u00e0 l\u2019anarchie qui avait \u00e9lu domicile dans le secteur foncier.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette r\u00e9forme op\u00e8re un basculement doctrinal vers une gouvernance fonci\u00e8re num\u00e9rique, transparente et souveraine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il ne s\u2019agit pas ici de s\u2019\u00e9tendre de mani\u00e8re approfondi et d\u00e9taill\u00e9e sur tous les aspects de la nouvelle loi fonci\u00e8re \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 la complexit\u00e9 de la nature du sujet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s\u2019agira plut\u00f4t de livrer \u00e0 titre informatif et dans les grands axes ce que l\u2019on peut retenir des innovations apport\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle loi s\u2019articule autour des axes majeurs, chacun porteur de forces nou\u00advelles mais aussi de d\u00e9fis d\u2019application.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La transition vers le Cadastre Nu\u00adm\u00e9rique Art. 227<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u2019est l\u2019innovation la plus radicale. L\u00e0 o\u00f9 la loi de 1973 s\u2019essoufflait sous le poids des ar\u00adchives papier vuln\u00e9rables et des certificats ratur\u00e9s, la nouvelle loi impose la num\u00e9risa\u00adtion int\u00e9grale. L\u2019avantage est une s\u00e9curi\u00adsation quasi absolue des titres, rendant les falsifications physiques extr\u00eamement difficiles. Cependant, la force de cette tech\u00adnologie blockchain se heurte \u00e0 la faiblesse des infrastructures \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques du pays.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La r\u00e9gulation du march\u00e9 par la Mer\u00adcuriale Fonci\u00e8re Art. 219-2<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019\u00c9tat reprend la main sur la valeur du sol. En fixant des prix officiels par zone, la r\u00e9forme brise la sp\u00e9culation sauvage qui emp\u00eachait les citoyens modestes d\u2019acc\u00e9der \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9. Cette \u00abMercuriale\u00bb garantit \u00e9galement au Tr\u00e9sor public des recettes fiscales justes. Le d\u00e9fi constructif sera d\u2019actualiser ces prix r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement pour \u00e9viter que le d\u00e9calage avec le march\u00e9 r\u00e9el ne favorise des transactions occultes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La bancarisation et la transparence financi\u00e8re 235-1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9sormais, toute transaction majeure (su\u00adp\u00e9rieure \u00e0 10 000 USD) doit transiter par le circuit bancaire. C\u2019est une force majeure pour lutter contre le blanchiment d\u2019argent et s\u00e9curiser les vendeurs. La faiblesse r\u00e9side n\u00e9anmoins dans le faible taux de bancarisa\u00adtion rural.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019inclusion sociale et l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 de genre 189-1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sur le plan humain, la r\u00e9forme est r\u00e9volu\u00adtionnaire. Elle garantit l\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 d\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la terre sans discrimination. En brisant les barri\u00e8res coutumi\u00e8res qui \u00e9cartaient les femmes et les minorit\u00e9s, elle transforme la terre en un outil d\u2019\u00e9mancipation \u00e9cono\u00admique. Pour apaiser les tensions, l\u2019Article 234 impose d\u00e9sormais une conciliation pr\u00e9alable obligatoire avant tout d\u00e9guerpis\u00adsement, humanisant ainsi une proc\u00e9dure autrefois traumatisante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La sanctuarisation de la souveraine\u00adt\u00e9 183-1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La loi de 2026 durcit les conditions d\u2019acc\u00e8s des \u00e9trangers aux terres situ\u00e9es dans les bandes frontali\u00e8res. Cette restriction est une r\u00e9ponse directe aux enjeux de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale. Si elle prot\u00e8ge l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 du territoire, elle impose en revanche une vigilance accrue pour ne pas d\u00e9courager les investissements industriels transfrontaliers n\u00e9cessaires au d\u00e9veloppement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La responsabilit\u00e9 p\u00e9nale de l\u2019admi\u00adnistration article 205<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019impunit\u00e9 des agents fonciers, autrefois prot\u00e9g\u00e9s par l\u2019anonymat administratif de la loi de 1973, prend fin. Les Conservateurs et Chefs de division risquent d\u00e9sormais jusqu\u2019\u00e0 10 ans de prison pour fraude. Cette p\u00e9nalisation est le garant du succ\u00e8s de la r\u00e9forme : sans une sanction exemplaire des agents v\u00e9reux, la technologie la plus avanc\u00e9e resterait impuissante face \u00e0 la corruption humaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A la lumi\u00e8re de ce qui pr\u00e9c\u00e8de, cette r\u00e9\u00adforme est un saut qualitatif vers la moder\u00adnit\u00e9. Elle transforme le foncier, autrefois source de conflits permanents, en un levier de croissance s\u00e9curis\u00e9.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

R\u00e9daction: +243 817 406 088 La promulgation de la Loi n\u00b025\/062 du 30 d\u00e9cembre 2025,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":19093,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19088","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-justice"],"yoast_head":"\nAnalyse du R\u00e9gime Foncier en R\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au regard de la nouvelle l\u00e9gislation (Tribune de Me Junior Kapuya Meleka) - Infos Droits Humains<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/infos-droitshumains.net\/?p=19088\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" 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