{"id":18729,"date":"2026-04-08T11:52:15","date_gmt":"2026-04-08T09:52:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/infos-droitshumains.net\/?p=18729"},"modified":"2026-04-09T11:26:23","modified_gmt":"2026-04-09T09:26:23","slug":"la-pratique-du-visa-par-les-chefs-des-juridictions-congolaises-entre-legalite-et-derive-administrative-merlin-kamalandua-devoile-le-contenu-de-son-tfc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/infos-droitshumains.net\/?p=18729","title":{"rendered":"\u00ab\u00a0La pratique du VISA par les Chefs des Juridictions congolaises\u00a0: Entre L\u00e9galit\u00e9 et d\u00e9rive administrative.\u00a0\u00bb Merlin Kamalandua d\u00e9voile le contenu de son TFC"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

R\u00e9daction: +243 817 406 088<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce samedi 11 avril 2026, Merlin Kamalandua, Administrateur Directeur G\u00e9n\u00e9ral du Journal T\u00e9l\u00e9vis\u00e9 des Droits Humains et Pr\u00e9sident de l’Union Nationale des Cameramen du Congo, \u00e9tudiant en troisi\u00e8me licence \u00e0 la Facult\u00e9 de droit de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 Chr\u00e9tienne Cardinal Malula, d\u00e9fendra son travail de fin de cycle consacr\u00e9 \u00e0 une probl\u00e9matique majeure du syst\u00e8me judiciaire congolais : \u00ab La pratique du VISA par les Chefs des Juridictions congolaises : Entre l\u00e9galit\u00e9 et d\u00e9rive administrative \u00bb<\/strong>.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Depuis pr\u00e8s de deux d\u00e9cennies, cette pratique s\u2019est progressivement install\u00e9e au sein des cours et tribunaux en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo. Elle consiste, pour les juges composant une juridiction, \u00e0 soumettre leurs projets de d\u00e9cisions judiciaires : jugements, arr\u00eats ou ordonnances \u00e0 l\u2019approbation pr\u00e9alable du chef de juridiction avant leur prononc\u00e9. Cette proc\u00e9dure qualifi\u00e9e d\u2019 \u2018\u2019informelle\u2019\u2019<\/em><\/strong> est commun\u00e9ment d\u00e9sign\u00e9e sous le terme de \u00ab VISA \u00bb.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019\u00e9tude men\u00e9e par l\u2019auteur vise \u00e0 analyser cette pratique sous l\u2019angle du droit positif congolais, en mettant en lumi\u00e8re ses fondements, ses implications et ses effets sur le fonctionnement de la justice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le premier chapitre porte sur les g\u00e9n\u00e9ralit\u00e9s relatives \u00e0 la justice en droit congolais. Il y est question de la d\u00e9finition des concepts fondamentaux, des principes cardinaux de la justice ainsi que de l\u2019organisation des juridictions de l\u2019ordre judiciaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le second chapitre est consacr\u00e9 sp\u00e9cifiquement \u00e0 la pratique du VISA. L\u2019auteur y propose une d\u00e9finition du concept, en analyse les m\u00e9canismes, en expose les avantages all\u00e9gu\u00e9s et en met en \u00e9vidence les d\u00e9rives constat\u00e9es dans la pratique judiciaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les d\u00e9fenseurs de cette th\u00e8se, le VISA permettrait de garantir la qualit\u00e9 des d\u00e9cisions rendues et d\u2019assurer une certaine coh\u00e9rence jurisprudentielle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ils soutiennent que cette pratique tire son fondement \u00e0 l\u2019article 17 de l\u2019Arr\u00eat\u00e9 d\u2019Organisation Judiciaire n\u00b0 299\/79 portant r\u00e8glement int\u00e9rieur des Cours, Tribunaux et Parquets qui dispose en substance :<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\u00ab les chefs de juridiction assurent l\u2019exp\u00e9dition r\u00e9guli\u00e8re des affaires \u00bb, cad, de l\u2019introduction de l\u2019action jusqu\u2019au prononc\u00e9 de la d\u00e9cision.<\/em>\u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour ses tenants, le visa, loin de constituer une violation du code d\u2019\u00e9thique et de d\u00e9ontologie, il s\u2019analyse plut\u00f4t comme un m\u00e9canisme de responsabilit\u00e9 institutionnelle par lequel les chefs de juridiction s\u2019assurent que les d\u00e9cisions rendues sous leur autorit\u00e9 traduisent fid\u00e8lement l\u2019esprit de la loi ainsi que les moyens d\u00e9battus contradictoirement par les parties, dans le souci constant de pr\u00e9server la qualit\u00e9 de la justice et l\u2019image de leur juridiction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Toutefois, les r\u00e9sultats de l\u2019enqu\u00eate men\u00e9e par l\u2019auteur dans le cadre de ce travail, fond\u00e9e sur des entretiens et observations, r\u00e9v\u00e8lent des effets pervers significatifs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parmi les d\u00e9rives relev\u00e9es figurent notamment :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • la mon\u00e9tisation informelle du VISA aupr\u00e8s des justiciables ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • les retards dans la prise de d\u00e9cision ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • les risques accrus de corruption et de concussion ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • la violation du principe de l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance du juge ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • l\u2019atteinte au secret du d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    Ainsi, si le VISA pouvait, dans son principe initial, appara\u00eetre comme un m\u00e9canisme d\u2019encadrement, il s\u2019est progressivement transform\u00e9 en un v\u00e9ritable \u2018\u2019droit de veto\u2019\u2019<\/em><\/strong> exerc\u00e9 par les chefs de juridiction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    L\u2019auteur soutient en outre que cette pratique est en contradiction avec les normes juridiques en vigueur, notamment le Code de d\u00e9ontologie des magistrats, dont l\u2019article 4 consacre l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance du magistrat du si\u00e8ge en pr\u00e9cisant que \u2018\u2019ses d\u00e9cisions ne doivent \u00eatre soumises \u00e0 aucun visa pr\u00e9alable.\u2019\u2019<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    En outre, cette situation remet en cause des principes essentiels tels que :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    • l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance du pouvoir judiciaire ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • la primaut\u00e9 de la loi ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • le secret des d\u00e9lib\u00e9rations.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      Au terme de son analyse, l\u2019auteur conclut que la pratique du VISA, dans sa forme actuelle, constitue une d\u00e9rive administrative pr\u00e9judiciable au bon fonctionnement de la justice. Il plaide pour sa suppression, estimant qu\u2019elle porte atteinte \u00e0 l\u2019\u00c9tat de droit en soumettant le juge \u00e0 l\u2019autorit\u00e9 de sa hi\u00e9rarchie plut\u00f4t qu\u2019\u00e0 celle de la loi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Il encourage \u00e9galement les magistrats \u00e0 faire preuve d\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 et de courage en r\u00e9sistant aux pressions hi\u00e9rarchiques contraires \u00e0 la l\u00e9galit\u00e9, tout en rappelant que les m\u00e9canismes l\u00e9gitimes d\u2019harmonisation de la jurisprudence existent d\u00e9j\u00e0, notamment \u00e0 travers les r\u00e9unions pl\u00e9ni\u00e8res des juridictions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Conscient du caract\u00e8re perfectible de toute \u0153uvre scientifique, l\u2019auteur soumet son travail \u00e0 l\u2019appr\u00e9ciation critique du jury et de la communaut\u00e9 acad\u00e9mique, dans l\u2019espoir de contribuer au renforcement de la doctrine juridique congolaise et \u00e0 la consolidation de l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance de la justice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Jo\u00ebl Diawa<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      R\u00e9daction: +243 817 406 088 Ce samedi 11 avril 2026, Merlin Kamalandua, Administrateur Directeur G\u00e9n\u00e9ral…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":18732,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-18729","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-justice"],"yoast_head":"\n\u00ab\u00a0La pratique du VISA par les Chefs des Juridictions congolaises\u00a0: Entre L\u00e9galit\u00e9 et d\u00e9rive administrative.\u00a0\u00bb Merlin Kamalandua d\u00e9voile le contenu de son TFC - Infos Droits Humains<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/infos-droitshumains.net\/?p=18729\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" 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