{"id":17461,"date":"2026-01-08T13:04:06","date_gmt":"2026-01-08T12:04:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/infos-droitshumains.net\/?p=17461"},"modified":"2026-01-08T13:13:31","modified_gmt":"2026-01-08T12:13:31","slug":"dialogue-national-et-mandat-presidentiel-quand-la-guerre-reconfigure-le-droit-constitutionnel-lopinion-tranchante-de-me-jean-marie-kabengela-ilunga-relance-le-debat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/infos-droitshumains.net\/?p=17461","title":{"rendered":"Dialogue national et mandat pr\u00e9sidentiel : quand la guerre reconfigure le droit constitutionnel. L\u2019opinion tranchante de Me Jean-Marie Kabengela Ilunga relance le d\u00e9bat"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

R\u00e9daction: +243 817 406 088<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alors que l\u2019Est de la R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo demeure enlis\u00e9 dans une ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 persistante marqu\u00e9e par l\u2019occupation de certaines zones par le mouvement rebelle AFC-M23, les \u00c9glises catholique et protestante, rejointes par une partie de l\u2019opposition politique, plaident pour l\u2019organisation d\u2019un dialogue national inclusif afin de restaurer la paix. Dans ce contexte sensible, Me Jean-Marie Kabengela Ilunga, avocat et acteur politique congolais, a livr\u00e9 une lecture \u00e0 la fois politique et juridique des implications d\u2019un tel dialogue, notamment sur le mandat du Pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique, F\u00e9lix Tshisekedi.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L’adh\u00e9sion au dialogue, mais sous condition de coh\u00e9rence politique<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

De passage \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9mission Bosolo na politique, Me Kabengela Ilunga se montre clair : \u00ab Comme la classe politique et les pr\u00e9lats catholiques et protestants, ainsi que lui-m\u00eame le Pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique, ne s\u2019opposent pas au dialogue pour que la paix revienne dans la partie Est du pays, qu\u2019ils soient cons\u00e9quents. \u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour lui, la tenue d\u2019un dialogue pendant que le mandat pr\u00e9sidentiel est encore en cours ne saurait \u00eatre politiquement neutre. Elle ouvrirait n\u00e9cessairement un d\u00e9bat sur \u2018\u2019la pl\u00e9nitude de l\u2019exercice du pouvoir pr\u00e9sidentiel.\u2019\u2019<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un mandat exerc\u00e9 partiellement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ment central de la th\u00e8se de Me Kabengela repose sur une affirmation forte : le Pr\u00e9sident F\u00e9lix Tshisekedi n\u2019aurait pas exerc\u00e9 pleinement son mandat sur l\u2019ensemble du territoire national, en raison de l\u2019occupation et du contr\u00f4le de certaines zones du Nord-Kivu et du Sud-Kivu par la r\u00e9bellion AFC-M23.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab D\u00e8s lors que le mouvement rebelle AFC-M23 emp\u00eache \u00e0 F\u00e9lix Tshisekedi d\u2019\u00eatre le Chef des populations du Nord et Sud-Kivu, son mandat n\u2019est pas plein \u00bb<\/em>, a-t-il affirm\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon cette logique, le Pr\u00e9sident, bien qu\u2019\u00e9lu au suffrage universel direct et d\u00e9tenteur de la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 nationale, se serait vu \u2018\u2019emp\u00each\u00e9 de remplir int\u00e9gralement ses fonctions r\u00e9galiennes\u2019\u2019<\/strong><\/em> sur toute l\u2019\u00e9tendue du territoire, ce qui affecterait la substance m\u00eame de son mandat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La notion de \u201cfait \u00e9tranger\u201d et la suspension du mandat<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Me Kabengela Ilunga va plus loin en introduisant un raisonnement juridique audacieux, fond\u00e9 sur la notion de \u00a0\u00bbfait \u00e9tranger<\/strong>\u00a0\u00bb, concept bien connu en droit, notamment lorsqu\u2019un \u00e9v\u00e9nement ind\u00e9pendant de la volont\u00e9 d\u2019un acteur emp\u00eache l\u2019ex\u00e9cution normale d\u2019une obligation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab \u00c0 partir du moment o\u00f9 l\u2019on a emp\u00each\u00e9 les institutions de la R\u00e9publique de fonctionner dans ces territoires-l\u00e0, le mandat du Pr\u00e9sident est r\u00e9put\u00e9 suspendu parce qu\u2019il y a un fait \u00e9tranger \u00bb<\/em>, soutient ce juriste.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans cette perspective, la guerre et l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 pour les institutions de l\u2019\u00c9tat de fonctionner normalement dans certaines parties du pays auraient pour cons\u00e9quence une \u2018\u2019interruption de fait de l\u2019exercice du mandat pr\u00e9sidentiel\u2019\u2019<\/strong><\/em>, sans que la responsabilit\u00e9 politique ou personnelle du Chef de l\u2019\u00c9tat ne soit engag\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une cons\u00e9quence explosive : le droit \u00e0 une nouvelle candidature<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

De cette analyse d\u00e9coule une conclusion qui ne manquera pas de susciter la controverse : \u2018\u2019F\u00e9lix Tshisekedi conserverait le droit de se repr\u00e9senter \u00e0 un prochain cycle \u00e9lectoral\u2019\u2019<\/strong><\/em>, m\u00eame apr\u00e8s ce qui est formellement consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme son deuxi\u00e8me mandat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab D\u00e8s lors qu\u2019il n\u2019a pas exerc\u00e9 compl\u00e8tement son deuxi\u00e8me mandat sur l\u2019ensemble du pays, il a droit de se repr\u00e9senter. Je mets quiconque au d\u00e9fi de me prouver que le deuxi\u00e8me mandat de cinq ans, il l\u2019a exerc\u00e9 sur l\u2019ensemble du pays. \u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette position entre en tension directe avec l\u2019esprit g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de la Constitution congolaise, qui consacre la limitation des mandats pr\u00e9sidentiels, mais elle soul\u00e8ve une question juridique majeure<\/strong> : \u2018\u2019un mandat peut-il \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme pleinement accompli lorsque l\u2019autorit\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00c9tat est gravement entrav\u00e9e sur une partie significative du territoire ?\u2019\u2019<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019opinion de Me Jean-Marie Kabengela Ilunga ne constitue pas une doctrine juridique \u00e9tablie, mais elle met en lumi\u00e8re un \u00a0\u00bbvide interpr\u00e9tatif<\/strong>\u00a0\u00bb face \u00e0 une situation exceptionnelle, celle d\u2019un \u00c9tat confront\u00e9 \u00e0 une guerre persistante sur son propre sol. Elle pose \u00e9galement une interrogation fondamentale sur l\u2019\u00e9quilibre entre la recherche de la paix, la continuit\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00c9tat et le respect de l\u2019ordre constitutionnel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 mesure que les appels au dialogue national se multiplient, la RDC se retrouve face \u00e0 des dilemmes o\u00f9 le droit constitutionnel, la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 s\u00e9curitaire et les calculs politiques s\u2019entrecroisent. L\u2019analyse de Me Kabengela Ilunga, qu\u2019on y adh\u00e8re ou non, a le m\u00e9rite de forcer le d\u00e9bat et d\u2019interpeller les acteurs politiques, religieux et institutionnels sur les cons\u00e9quences profondes d\u2019un dialogue men\u00e9 dans un contexte de souverainet\u00e9 territoriale viol\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jo\u00ebl Diawa<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

R\u00e9daction: +243 817 406 088 Alors que l\u2019Est de la R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo demeure…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":17474,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-17461","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-politique"],"yoast_head":"\nDialogue national et mandat pr\u00e9sidentiel : quand la guerre reconfigure le droit constitutionnel. 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