{"id":16386,"date":"2025-10-02T09:31:42","date_gmt":"2025-10-02T07:31:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/infos-droitshumains.net\/?p=16386"},"modified":"2025-10-02T09:31:44","modified_gmt":"2025-10-02T07:31:44","slug":"rdc-les-voies-de-recours-a-la-disposition-de-joseph-kabila-pour-esperer-obtenir-la-revision-de-sa-peine-tribune","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/infos-droitshumains.net\/?p=16386","title":{"rendered":"RDC\u00a0: Les voies de recours \u00e0 la disposition de Joseph Kabila pour esp\u00e9rer obtenir la r\u00e9vision de sa peine (Tribune)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

R\u00e9daction: +243 817 406 088<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Contrairement \u00e0 ce que les communs des mortels pourraient penser, l’arr\u00eat rendu par la Haute Cour militaire, condamnant Joseph Kabila \u00e0 la peine de mort, n’est pas d\u00e9finitif \u00e0 ce stade. Le condamn\u00e9 dispose encore d’une voie de recours ordinaire (l\u2019opposition)<\/em><\/strong> et d’une voie de recours extraordinaire (le pourvoi en cassation)<\/em><\/strong>.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Certes, l’arr\u00eat rendu par la plus haute juridiction militaire du pays n’est pas susceptible d’appel. Il reste cependant ouvert \u00e0 d’autres types de recours.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. L\u2019OPPOSITION<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 absent durant tout le proc\u00e8s, ni lui-m\u00eame ni ses avocats n\u2019ayant comparu, Joseph Kabila a \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 par d\u00e9faut. C\u2019est le cas o\u00f9 le pr\u00e9venu, r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement cit\u00e9, ne se pr\u00e9sente pas \u00e0 la barre et est jug\u00e9 et condamn\u00e9 en son absence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L’article 148 du Code judiciaire militaire dispose :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab Il est rendu par d\u00e9faut lorsque l\u2019inculp\u00e9, r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement cit\u00e9, ne compara\u00eet pas et n\u2019est pas repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par un conseil. \u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L’appel n\u2019\u00e9tant pas possible, une seule voie de recours reste disponible pour Joseph Kabila afin d’esp\u00e9rer obtenir la r\u00e9vision de sa peine, voire son acquittement : \u2018\u2019l\u2019opposition.\u2019\u2019<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L’opposition est une voie de recours ordinaire, au m\u00eame titre que l’appel. \u00c0 la diff\u00e9rence de ce dernier, qui consiste \u00e0 soumettre le litige \u00e0 l’examen d\u2019un juge sup\u00e9rieur (juridiction sup\u00e9rieure), l’opposition permet au condamn\u00e9 d\u00e9faillant de saisir la m\u00eame juridiction afin de demander que l’affaire soit rejug\u00e9e contradictoirement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 ce sujet, l’article 151 CJM dispose :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab Le condamn\u00e9 par d\u00e9faut peut former opposition. L\u2019opposition est port\u00e9e devant la juridiction qui a rendu la d\u00e9cision attaqu\u00e9e. \u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ainsi, dans le cas d\u2019esp\u00e8ce, Joseph Kabila peut encore se pr\u00e9valoir de son droit d’opposition. Encore faudra-t-il qu\u2019il motive les raisons de son absence, \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que les exploits de justice (citations \u00e0 compara\u00eetre) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement d\u00e9pos\u00e9s \u00e0 ses adresses et r\u00e9ceptionn\u00e9s par les occupants trouv\u00e9s sur place.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour exercer son droit de recours (opposition), conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 l’article 151 et suivants du Code judiciaire militaire, Joseph Kabila dispose de 15 jours \u00e0 compter de la notification de l’arr\u00eat ou de son arrestation \u2013 surtout que le verdict de la Haute Cour \u00e9tait assorti d\u2019une d\u00e9cision d’arrestation imm\u00e9diate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce n\u2019est qu\u2019\u00e0 l\u2019expiration de ce d\u00e9lai, si l\u2019opposition n\u2019est pas exerc\u00e9e, que l’arr\u00eat rendu par la Haute Cour militaire devient d\u00e9finitif.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question du d\u00e9lai pour former opposition est r\u00e9gl\u00e9e par l’article 152 CJM :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab Le d\u00e9lai d\u2019opposition est de quinze jours \u00e0 dater de la signification de la d\u00e9cision, si le condamn\u00e9 est \u00e0 r\u00e9sidence connue, et \u00e0 d\u00e9faut, du jour de son arrestation. \u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. LE POURVOI EN CASSATION<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au cas o\u00f9 Joseph Kabila avait \u00e9t\u00e9 jug\u00e9 contradictoirement, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire s\u2019il s\u2019\u00e9tait pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux audiences ayant conduit \u00e0 sa condamnation, il aurait dispos\u00e9 d\u2019une autre voie de recours, cette fois extraordinaire : le pourvoi en cassation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Constitution de la RDC, en son article 156, alin\u00e9a 4, est claire :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab Les arr\u00eats de la Haute Cour militaire ne sont susceptibles que de recours en cassation. \u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En droit congolais, le pourvoi en cassation est une voie de recours extraordinaire qui permet de contester une d\u00e9cision rendue en dernier ressort (c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire sans possibilit\u00e9 d\u2019appel) devant la Cour de cassation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aux termes de l’article 153, alin\u00e9a 1-2, de la Constitution :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab La Cour de cassation conna\u00eet des pourvois en cassation form\u00e9s contre les arr\u00eats et jugements rendus en dernier ressort par les cours et tribunaux civils et militaires. \u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans le cas d\u2019un arr\u00eat de la Haute Cour militaire, le pourvoi en cassation est donc possible, mais uniquement pour des questions de droit et non pour discuter \u00e0 nouveau des faits ou des preuves.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Compar\u00e9 \u00e0 l’appel et \u00e0 l’opposition (voies de recours ordinaires), le pourvoi en cassation ne remet pas en cause les faits ni l\u2019appr\u00e9ciation des preuves. Il vise seulement \u00e0 v\u00e9rifier si la loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 correctement appliqu\u00e9e et si la proc\u00e9dure a \u00e9t\u00e9 respect\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L’article 95 de la Loi organique n\u00b013\/011-B du 11 avril 2013 portant organisation, fonctionnement et comp\u00e9tences des juridictions de l\u2019ordre judiciaire pr\u00e9cise :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab La Cour de cassation conna\u00eet des pourvois pour violation de la loi ou de la coutume form\u00e9s contre des arr\u00eats et jugements rendus en dernier ressort par les cours et tribunaux civils et militaires. \u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.1. Les cas d\u2019ouverture au pourvoi en cassation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon l’article 96 de la Loi organique n\u00b013\/011-B du 11 avril 2013, un pourvoi en cassation peut \u00eatre introduit dans les cas suivants :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Violation ou mauvaise application de la loi (par exemple, une mauvaise interpr\u00e9tation d\u2019un texte) ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Incomp\u00e9tence de la juridiction (le tribunal ou la cour n\u2019\u00e9tait pas comp\u00e9tent) ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Vice de proc\u00e9dure (non-respect des r\u00e8gles essentielles du proc\u00e8s, par exemple violation des droits de la d\u00e9fense).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.2. Effets du pourvoi en cassation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Plusieurs cons\u00e9quences peuvent d\u00e9couler de l’examen du pourvoi en cassation par la Cour de cassation:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A. Si la Cour rejette le pourvoi, la d\u00e9cision attaqu\u00e9e devient d\u00e9finitive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B. Si la Cour casse la d\u00e9cision, deux cas de figure sont possibles : soit elle renvoie l\u2019affaire devant une autre juridiction du m\u00eame rang pour \u00eatre rejug\u00e9e, soit elle casse sans renvoi (si l\u2019erreur est purement juridique et peut \u00eatre rectifi\u00e9e directement).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans ce contexte, Joseph Kabila ne pourra former pourvoi en cassation qu\u2019apr\u00e8s avoir exerc\u00e9 son droit d\u2019opposition. Si l\u2019affaire est rejug\u00e9e dans ce cadre et qu\u2019il estime que la nouvelle d\u00e9cision est entach\u00e9e de violations de la loi, il pourra alors se pr\u00e9valoir de son droit au pourvoi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il ne pourra toutefois pas demander \u00e0 la Cour de cassation de rejuger l\u2019affaire sur le fond, mais seulement de contr\u00f4ler la l\u00e9galit\u00e9 de la d\u00e9cision attaqu\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. RETOUR SUR LE PROC\u00c8S<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Joseph Kabila a \u00e9t\u00e9 jug\u00e9 pour participation criminelle aux actes commis par le mouvement terroriste AFC\/M23 de janvier 2025 \u00e0 ce jour. \u00c0 la requ\u00eate du minist\u00e8re public et des parties civiles, la Haute Cour l\u2019a reconnu comme parrain, voire auteur intellectuel, de tous les crimes graves commis par l\u2019AFC\/M23.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son arr\u00eat rendu le mardi 30 septembre 2025, la Haute Cour militaire a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 \u00e9tablies \u00e0 sa charge les infractions suivantes : crimes de guerre par homicide intentionnel ou meurtre, crimes de guerre par viol, crimes de guerre par torture, rimes de guerre par attaques contre les biens prot\u00e9g\u00e9s, apologie ou propagande des crimes de guerre, trahison, complot et organisation d\u2019un mouvement insurrectionnel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle l\u2019a condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 la peine de mort pour chacune des infractions pr\u00e9cit\u00e9es, sauf pour le complot o\u00f9 elle a retenu 15 ans de servitude p\u00e9nale principale. Faisant application de l’article 7 du Code p\u00e9nal militaire, la plus haute juridiction militaire de la RDC a retenu la peine la plus s\u00e9v\u00e8re, \u00e0 savoir la peine de mort.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u2019agissant de la r\u00e9paration civile, la Haute Cour militaire a condamn\u00e9 Joseph Kabila \u00e0 payer \u00e0 la R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo des dommages-int\u00e9r\u00eats de 29 milliards USD, ventil\u00e9s comme suit:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5 milliards USD pour le pr\u00e9judice moral, 5 milliards USD pour le pr\u00e9judice \u00e9cologique, 5 milliards USD pour le manque \u00e0 gagner, 5 milliards USD pour la destruction des \u00e9coles et autres infrastructures et 9 milliards USD pour les d\u00e9penses engag\u00e9es pour la d\u00e9fense.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En faveur des provinces du Nord-Kivu et du Sud-Kivu, la Haute Cour a ordonn\u00e9 \u00e0 Joseph Kabila de verser \u00e0 chacune 2 milliards USD de dommages-int\u00e9r\u00eats. lle l\u2019a en outre condamn\u00e9 aux frais d\u2019instance et a ordonn\u00e9 son arrestation imm\u00e9diate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Orly-Darel Ngiambukulu, chercheur en droit et chroniqueur \u00e9conomique et judiciaire<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

R\u00e9daction: +243 817 406 088 Contrairement \u00e0 ce que les communs des mortels pourraient penser,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":16387,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16386","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-justice"],"yoast_head":"\nRDC\u00a0: Les voies de recours \u00e0 la disposition de Joseph Kabila pour esp\u00e9rer obtenir la r\u00e9vision de sa peine (Tribune) - Infos Droits Humains<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/infos-droitshumains.net\/?p=16386\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta 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